香格里拉卓玛铜铅锌多金属矿特征与资源潜力     

李冰  张世权  胡清华  颜寻 《云南地质》2012,(3):331-334

大脉状产出的卓玛铜铅锌矿,成矿母岩为印支期侵位于图姆沟组的石英闪长玢岩、石英二长斑岩构成的复式岩体。岩体由中心向外,具环状面型的"斑岩型"蚀变特征,矿化与硅化—绢云母化蚀变有关。由中心到外围,由深到浅,形成深部斑岩钼(铜)矿→中部矽卡岩铜矿→外围脉状铜铅锌矿的成矿系列特征,目前发现的矿体仅是斑岩型矿床分带中上部的大脉型矿体部分,深部具有寻找斑岩-矽卡岩型铜(钼)矿体潜力。  相似文献   

基于窗口数据的重力相关成像     

赵国兴  吴燕冈  王凤刚  李朝辉  邢琮琮 《世界地质》2016,35(3):858-864

位场相关成像可以快速估计场源的空间位置。为了减小叠加异常对相关成像的影响,现有的成像方法通常是采用剩余异常或异常垂向导数成像。笔者通过加入一个数据截取窗口,计算窗口内数据的相关系数,以减少相邻场源间的影响,从而达到提高成像分辨率的目的;并通过相关系数极值的大小选取窗口,从理论上使成像结果更加可靠。通过重力模型试验,验证本方法能够提高成像分辨率。将该法应用于葫芦岛市黑鱼沟的某矿洞的深度计算中,取得较好效果。  相似文献   

冈底斯中段达居复式花岗岩体成因:锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学与Hf同位素制约   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

喻思斌  邱检生  王睿强 《岩石学报》2016,32(12):3597-3612

本文报道了冈底斯中段达居复式岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素组成,以及全岩元素地球化学组成,据此探讨了岩浆的形成机制与演化过程,进而全面揭示了岩体的成因。根据岩性和岩相特征,达居复式岩体可区分为昌那和桑嘎两个单元,前者岩性主要为花岗闪长岩,岩体内含丰富的闪长质包体;后者岩性主要为中细粒二长花岗岩,岩性总体较均匀。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,昌那单元花岗闪长岩和其中的闪长质包体具有一致的成岩年龄,分别为52.7±0.7Ma和52.3±0.6Ma,桑嘎单元二长花岗岩的成岩年龄为45.3±0.7Ma。地球化学组成上,二单元岩石均具有亚碱、准铝的特征,碱铝指数(AKI值)多低于0.9,铝饱和指数(A/NKC值)均小于1.0,属于准铝质钙碱性I型花岗岩。它们均富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(如Rb,Pb),亏损高场强元素(如Nb,Ta,Ti),具有弧型岩浆岩的地球化学组成特征。与昌那单元岩石相比,桑嘎单元岩石富硅、富碱,具有较高的Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba比值,并表现出较显著的Eu负异常,指示其经历了较高程度的分异演化。昌那单元花岗闪长岩和其中的闪长质包体具有一致亏损的Hf同位素组成,二者的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为+4.6~+11.5和+5.0~+11.1,桑嘎单元总体也具有亏损的Hf同位素组成,但其ε_(Hf)(t)值具有较大的变化范围(-0.5~+14.7)。综合分析表明,昌那单元岩石应为底侵的亏损地幔岩浆与其诱发初生地壳熔融产生的岩浆经混合作用形成,桑嘎单元岩石为这一混源岩浆经进一步分异演化后侵位结晶的产物,且成岩过程中极可能有古老的印度地壳物质参与。  相似文献   

Analytical solution for the consolidation of a composite ground reinforced by partially penetrated impervious columns     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

Composite ground improved by partially penetrated impervious columns consists of a reinforced zone and an underlying stratum. Based on the axisymmetric consolidation model, the governing equations for the average excess pore water pressure were developed within the surrounding soil and the underlying untreated soil. The corresponding solutions were given on the basis of the consolidation theory of a double-layer subsoil ground, and the overall average degree of consolidation of the composite ground was obtained. The accuracy of the proposed solution was examined by FEM. The proposed solution and FEM results show a good match. A parametric analysis of consolidation behavior of the composite ground was then investigated. The results indicate that the consolidation rate of the composite ground strongly depends on the penetration ratio of the impervious columns (ratio of column length to soil thickness) in the way that the higher the ratio, the faster the consolidation rate. In addition, an increasing area replacement ratio of an impervious column decreases the consolidation rate. The consolidation rate of the composite ground decreases with the increasing of the constrained modulus ratio of an impervious column to its surrounding soil for a lower penetration ratio, while it increases with the increasing of the constrained modulus ratio for a higher penetration ratio.  相似文献   

中亚构造域多期叠加斑岩铜矿化:以阿尔泰东南缘哈腊苏铜矿床地质、地球化学和成岩成矿时代研究为例   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

薛春纪  赵战锋  吴淦国  董连慧  冯京  张招崇  周刚  池国祥  高景岗 《地学前缘》2010,17(2):53

新疆青河县新近发现哈腊苏铜矿床,正在进行的勘探证实具有大型铜储量前景。它位于阿尔泰东南缘,靠近额尔齐斯构造变形带。这个区域经历了古生代中期的洋-陆俯冲、古生代晚期的陆-陆碰撞以及其后的陆内活化等地质过程。铜成矿与哪种地质地质过程有关受人关注,矿床成因也存在斑岩型、热液脉型和火山岩型等不同认识。哈腊苏铜矿区主要出露中泥盆统基性火山岩(含苦橄岩)及侵入其中的不同时期含铜蚀变斑岩体,包括花岗闪长斑岩、斑状花岗岩、石英二长斑岩和石英闪长斑岩等,斑岩SiO_2质量分数为57.24%～65.45%,其中花岗闪长斑岩δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=7.9‰～8.6‰,ε_(Nd)(t)=7.3～8.5(接近于MORB值),(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_t=0.70383～0.70410(接近原始地幔值),暗示岩浆起源于地幔或下地壳。矿区含铜蚀变斑岩全岩矿化(Cu 0.2%),矿体(Cu 0.3%以上)呈透镜状和不规则分枝脉状,产状与斑岩体相仿,95%以上矿体产于斑岩体内。围岩蚀变从矿体到斑岩再到基性火山岩围岩,发育钾长石黑云母化、黑云母绿泥石化、青磐岩化的分带,后期脉状线型钾长石化叠加于早期面状弥散型钾硅酸盐蚀变之上。没有次生硫化物富集现象,原生铜矿石出现细脉浸染型和脉状叠加型两种自然类型,前者以"黄铁矿+黄铜矿+辉钼矿"为典型金属矿物组合,后者呈在前者背景上的"石英+黄铁矿+黄铜矿"脉状叠加矿化。相对于前者,后者Cu、Au品位明显偏高(分别达到Cu 2.21%、Au 0.83 g/t)、微量和稀土元素总量降低,微量元素蛛网图和REE配分曲线更为平缓,Eu正异常更加显著。基性火山喷发、幔源岩浆侵入和多期矿化叠加是哈腊苏铜成矿的关键,早期斑岩型铜成矿基础上的后期构造热液矿化叠加显著。细脉浸染型铜矿石中共生黄铁矿-黄铜矿的硫同位素温度计指示斑岩型铜成矿温度为420～560℃。铜矿石硫化物δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)主体范围为-1‰～-4‰,矿石硫源自幔源斑岩体(有地层硫酸盐还原硫少量混入);黄铁矿~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.052～18.461,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.501～15.606,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.813～39.335,与矿床所在区域喀拉通克岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物接近,成矿金属主体来自幔源斑岩;脉状矿化叠加型铜矿石中含铜硫化物石英脉晶出母液(δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=6.4‰～10.2‰,δD_(V-SMOW)=-89‰～-80‰)具有岩浆水的O、H同位素组成特点。通过成岩、成矿和热液蚀变的年代学研究获得:(1)含铜蚀变的斑状花岗岩(381.6±2.5)Ma和花岗闪长斑岩(371.8±9.6)Ma的U-Pb谐和年龄、细脉浸染型铜矿石中辉钼矿(376.9±2.2)Ma的Re-Os等时线年龄,是洋-陆俯冲期斑岩成岩成矿的年龄记录;(2)含铜蚀变石英二长斑岩(265.6±3.7)Ma的U-Pb谐和年龄和脉状叠加型铜矿石中钾长石(269.2±3.2)Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄,是陆-陆碰撞晚期斑岩铜矿化蚀变的年龄记录;(3)含铜蚀变石英闪长斑岩(215.8±4.6)Ma的U-Pb谐和年龄和脉状叠加型铜矿石中钾长石(198.2±2.3)～(206.4±2.7)Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄,是陆内构造岩浆活化期的年龄记录。多期构造-岩浆-热液矿化叠加作用是哈腊苏铜成矿的显著特征。该研究为认识中亚构造域斑岩铜矿床的多期叠加成矿作用特征积累了新资料。  相似文献   

寻找降雹预报指标集的一种方法:逐步消空法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

孔燕燕  彭治班  赵秀英  吴宝俊  张纪淮 《气象》2000,26(10):10-14

对于用逐步消空法寻找降雹预报指标集合 ,例如 :寻找指标的步骤 ,从何处入手寻找预报指标 ,预报指标的确认 ,预报指标的总个数等有关问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Nature and origin of cone-forming volcanic breccias in the Te Herenga Formation, Ruapehu, New Zealand   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Gary A. Smith  Michael J. Grubensky  John W. Geissman 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1999,61(1-2):64-82

 Volcanic breccias form large parts of composite volcanoes and are commonly viewed as containing pyroclastic fragments emplaced by pyroclastic processes or redistributed as laharic deposits. Field study of cone-forming breccias of the andesitic middle Pleistocene Te Herenga Formation on Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand, was complemented by paleomagnetic laboratory investigation permitting estimation of emplacement temperatures of constituent breccia clasts. The observations and data collected suggest that most breccias are autoclastic deposits. Five breccia types and subordinate, coherent lava-flow cores constitute nine, unconformity-bounded constructional units. Two types of breccia are gradational with lava-flow cores. Red breccias gradational with irregularly shaped lava-flow cores were emplaced at temperatures in excess of 580  °C and are interpreted as aa flow breccias. Clasts in gray breccia gradational with tabular lava-flow cores, and in some places forming down-slope-dipping avalanche bedding beneath flows, were emplaced at varying temperatures between 200 and 550  °C and are interpreted as forming part of block lava flows. Three textural types of breccia are found in less intimate association with lava-flow cores. Matrix-poor, well-sorted breccia can be traced upslope to lava-flow cores encased in autoclastic breccia. Unsorted boulder breccia comprises constructional units lacking significant exposed lava-flow cores. Clasts in both of these breccia types have paleomagnetic properties generally similar to those of the gray breccias gradational with lava-flow cores; they indicate reorientation after acquisition of some, or all, magnetization and ultimate emplacement over a range of temperatures between 100 and 550  °C. These breccias are interpreted as autoclastic breccias associated with block lava flows. Matrix-poor, well-sorted breccia formed by disintegration of lava flows on steep slopes and unsorted boulder breccia is interpreted to represent channel-floor and levee breccias for block lava flows that continued down slope. Less common, matrix-rich, stratified tuff breccias consisting of angular blocks, minor scoria, and a conspicuously well-sorted ash matrix were generally emplaced at ambient temperature, although some deposits contain clasts possibly emplaced at temperatures as high as 525  °C. These breccias are interpreted as debris-flow and sheetwash deposits with a dominant pyroclastic matrix and containing clasts likely of mixed autoclastic and pyroclastic origin. Pyroclastic deposits have limited preservation potential on the steep, proximal slopes of composite volcanoes. Likewise, these steep slopes are more likely sites of erosion and transport by channeled or unconfined runoff rather than depositional sites for reworked volcaniclastic debris. Autoclastic breccias need not be intimately associated with coherent lava flows in single outcrops, and fine matrix can be of autoclastic rather than pyroclastic origin. In these cases, and likely many other cases, the alternation of coherent lava flows and fragmental deposits defining composite volcanoes is better described as interlayered lava-flow cores and cogenetic autoclastic breccias, rather than as interlayered lava flows and pyroclastic beds. Reworked deposits are probably insignificant components of most proximal cone-forming sequences. Received: 1 October 1998 / Accepted: 28 December 1998  相似文献   

利用广义叠加反演方法估算长岛震群应力降          下载免费PDF全文

王鹏  王宝善 《地球物理学报》2020,63(5):1970-1985

地震应力降是表征震源特性的一个重要参数,通常由震源谱计算得到.但如何从大量地震的观测谱中校正路径和台站效应,准确地分离出震源谱并计算应力降,仍是一个难题.本文采用广义叠加反演方法通过分阶段叠加从观测谱中迭代分离出震源项、台站项和路径项,并利用分震级的叠加震源项与理论谱的拟合得到经验格林函数,再利用由经验格林函数校正后的真实震源谱估算出应力降.该方法不需要知道仪器响应、场地响应和传播路径上的衰减系数,并且不用事先假设震源具有自相似的恒应力降特征,计算效率很高,适用于反演大量地震的震源参数.我们将广义叠加反演方法应用于长岛震群,利用S波谱估算了1431个ML≥1.0地震的应力降.结果表明,广义叠加反演方法获得的震源参数和用传统方法得到的结果一致;长岛震群地震的应力降较小(中值是0.3 MPa),变化范围很大(0.009～3.04MPa之间),属于低应力降事件集;同时应力降中值随地震矩增大而增大,偏离了自相似理论.应力降空间变化不均匀,高应力降事件主要集中在震群的端部(NW端),到最近断层距离的依赖性不强,在9、10km处的应力降中值略高于其他深度.根据应力降的变化特征和区域构造条件,我们推测地下流体在长岛震群的活动中起到一定的作用.  相似文献   

基于合成孔径技术CSAMT成像研究     

黄日华  范攀峰  徐朝树  张继锋 《地球物理学进展》2020,(1):294-302

可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)在实际生产中具有广泛的应用,但依然存在着一些急需解决的问题,需引进新技术和方法,提高其探测、解释精度.根据CSAMT中同一目标体相邻的回波信号具有很强的相关性,借助合成孔径思想,对CSAMT数据进行相关叠加合成,进而提高其探测精度.本文首先解决了把应用于波动场的合成孔径技术应用到频率域扩散场中,再通过模型算例表明合成孔径技术可以有效的增强弱信号、提高分辨率、减小场源效应、提高信噪比等,通过噪声加载,也进一步证实了合成孔径成像技术在CSAMT的有效性.  相似文献   

气枪信号振幅叠加方法研究     

游秀珍  林彬华  李军  邵平荣  胡淑芳  王士成 《地震》2019,39(4):1-12

由于气枪震源信号较弱, 容易受外界噪声或者地震等因素干扰, 而使得其真实的振幅被掩盖。 这些干扰记录若直接参与叠加容易导致振幅信息不可靠, 也会影响叠加效果。 为消除干扰影响, 提出概率筛选和噪声模型筛选振幅叠加方法, 以2018年6月在福建龙门滩水库和沙溪口水库的气枪实验数据为例, 从剔除干扰的能力、 波形形态、 振幅值等方面说明两种方法的实际效果, 并对比两者的优缺点。 研究结果表明: ① 两种筛选方法均能有效去除异常干扰, 经处理后的气枪信号的波形形态和最大振幅值与直接线性叠加基本一致; ② 对于固定台网台站, 噪声频谱方法可方便确认台站的运行状态, 及时筛除异常台站; ③ 对于灵敏度等信息不详的流动台站, 噪声模型筛选方法使用受限, 而概率筛选方法简洁, 适用性强。  相似文献